Meet the Winners:

Aquetzalli Nayelli Rivera Villanueva

2025 BioOne Ambassador

BioOne Ambassador Award

Research Summary

Activity patterns of the nectar-feeding bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae on the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae feeding from a cactus flower.

Currently we are facing a global pollinator crisis. However, when we think about this, we usually picture honeybees, bumblebees, and butterflies. But let’s not forget that we also have pollinating bats that are crucial for our ecosystems and native crops.

Moreover, some pollinating bats have a large distribution range that crosses geopolitical boundaries, meaning that for effective conservation actions a collaborative informed planning process is needed. For example, the lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) is a nectar-feeding, migratory bat that pollinates agaves and columnar cacti from the southwest U.S. to Honduras. Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is one of the most important pollinators of the tequila agave and pitaya fruit, both of which are harvested and sold by low-income local communities in Mexico. During its migration in spring and summer, L. yerbabuenae follows the blooming of agaves and columnar cacti in large aggregations of up to hundreds of thousands of bats. According to the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the lesser-long-nosed bat is Near Threatened and the main threats are disturbance in their roosts (caves and mines), loss of food resources, and direct killing by humans.

It is paramount we continue monitoring L. yerbabuenae to inform species conservation efforts. However, L. yerbabuenae is a fragile species due to disturbance in their subterranean roosts, with records of complete colonies abandoning caves after harsh disturbances. Thus, the latest efforts to monitor the species are considering the least handling and capturing possible. For those reasons, we collaborated with Bat Conservation International (BCI) to research passive integrated transponder tags (PIT-tags). The PIT-tag approach has great advantages, including that the studied individuals only need to be captured once. Thanks to the three subterranean roosts that we were working in the Baja California Peninsula (on its edge range), we were able to get data 24/7 during the life of the animal every time it passed through the PIT-tag antenna. Additionally, the lesser-long nosed bat is well studied on Mexico’s mainland, but not where I conducted this research (Baja California Peninsula) that was published in the Journal of Mammalogy.

Aquetzalli Nayelli Rivera Villanuevain at a cave releasing a bat.
We tried an innovative methodology that obtained activity metrics by using data science techniques. This helped us to get detailed information about the bat’s activity patterns, which can help to reveal future variations across space and time in response to climate and land use changes. With 5 years of data, our main take-home messages are that within females the activity patterns are very different depending on their reproductive stage. For example, lactating females have the largest foraging bouts, probably because of the high energetic demands needed to produce milk and care for their pups. Meanwhile, pregnant females have the latest emergency time because of reduced manoeuvrability caused by the weight of the embryo, which can be up to 40% of the mom’s weight. These new findings can help to inform when (according to the reproductive stage of females and males) and where (we studied two maternity roosts and a mating roost) we should apply conservation efforts and how we can limit the disturbance and handling of a very sensitive species.
Leptonycteris yerbabuenae feeding from a cactus flower.
Aquetzalli Nayelli Rivera Villanueva releasing a bat at night

This research is one of the first steps towards a better understanding of L. yerbabuenae activity patterns with the application of long-term data that was used at the beginning to identify the migratory seasonal phenology. This study can be used as a call to consider the inclusion of the complete distribution range in future ecological and conservation efforts. Also, this is a call to replicate this study in a broad and more coordinated fashion in the rest of the monitored roosts across its distribution. Indeed, we encourage researchers to install more PIT-tag readers across the range of L. yerbabuenae, as we probe that this is a new way to assess the activity of colonially roosting bat species and will allow novel insights into this species ecology. However, who said that the PIT-tag approach and the activity metrics that we propose could be used only with the lesser long-nosed bat? A broad adoption of this approach with other species can revolutionize ecological and conservation studies in the short future. Threatened, not threatened, flying, non-flying, vertebrate, invertebrate species; the possibilities are limitless! Finally, we believe that our research changes the world not only by providing new data and proposing a new way to use PIT-tag data, but also by emphasizing the importance of pollinator bats in ecosystems and local agriculture.

This summary is in reference to:

Activity patterns of the nectar-feeding bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae on the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico

Journal of Mammalogy, 105(6): 1221-1230 (2024)
A. Nayelli Rivera-Villanueva, Winifred F. Frick, Tina L. Cheng, Veronica Zamora-Gutierrez

Photo of Aquetzalli Nayelli Rivera Villanueva

Profile: Aquetzalli Nayelli Rivera Villanueva

University of Queensland

I am a Mexican bat researcher, speleologist, and science communicator. Currently doing my PhD at the University of Queensland, Australia, I am also the founder of the non-profit organization BUM-Mexican Urban Biodiversity. In addition, I also serve as a member of the board directors of four conservation groups in Latin America.

What drew you to this research topic?

Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (lesser long-nosed bat) is my favourite species and since I was a kid I pictured myself doing science with pollinating bats. First, some animals of this species are capable of migrating more than 1,000 km every year during spring from southern and western Mexico to the Sonoran Desert in the north of Mexico and the southwestern U.S. Second, this species is the most important pollinator of tequila agaves and the columnar cacti, two plants that are representative of Mexico’s ecosystems and culture and have large economic importance for the local Mexican communities. I am thankful to have had the opportunity to work in some of the most important maternity roosts across the lesser long-nosed bats distribution, which can hold up to dozens of thousands of individuals. However, there are still a lot of information gaps surrounding the movement ecology of this species. That is why I feel honoured to be able to conduct research with this amazing species and help to fill that knowledge gap.

How do you see your work contributing to public policy, citizen science, or science education more broadly?

In this case, we show that by using PIT-tag technology we can obtain long-term and very detailed data for a sensitive vulnerable species, such as the pollinating lesser long-nosed bat. This contributes to public policy by providing guidelines on how to do research and conservation of the roosts of pollinating bats, especially species sensitive to handling and disturbance.

From the science education perspective, this research shows the power and potential of PIT-tag technology and data science approaches in ecology and conservation topics. With the talks that I continue giving about my research, I am sure that students interested in science can feel inspired. Especially, students from the Global South can see that it is possible to conduct and publish research articles about ecology and wildlife. So, that is why I feel that every step I take in the world of research, also empowers my community and future scientists to make a change in the world.

Moreover, from the citizen science perspective, I think that my research contributes by raising awareness about the importance of pollinating bats in ecosystems. This is by specifically highlighting the relationship between the activity patterns of the lesser long-nosed bat and food availability, which in this case is the nectar and fruits of the columnar cacti and agaves that are keystone species in the Baja Californian Peninsula.

What are your research goals for the future?

My life goal is to continue doing bat research and conservation in Latin America. Bats and caves are my most appreciated interests, thus everything that includes them, I am in. Specifically, in terms of ecological topics I am interested in animal-plant interactions, social behaviour, and ecological dynamics. I endeavour to apply ecological data to management and effective conservation actions. This research, published in the Journal of Mammalogy was part of my master’s, and now I am doing my Ph.D.

One of my long-term goals is to continue building the bridge between scientific research and conservation actions. In this case, the plan (and I am sure I will do it) is to locate the most vulnerable caves by human disturbance and identify the most threatened bat species in Latin America. But for this, I need to continue exploring caves, record abundance, richness, and basic population dynamic variables to identify trends and priorities for conservation. I have already started with the baby steps that will lead me to this, so stay tuned. I am excited to continue to do more open science on bat conservation in the Global South.

Besides conducting research in the wilderness, I will continue to advocate for bats and their role in the ecosystems, so we as a society can all have a better understanding of their importance and enhance their conservation.

Is there anything else you want to share about you or your research?

I want to express that it is not a coincidence that I am presenting my research on the lesser longed-nosed bat. This personal journey started 10 years ago when I decided to devote my life to the only flying mammal in the world, bats. This began when I realized how misunderstood they were, especially as they are crucial for ecosystem functioning and agriculture.

I feel honoured and grateful for being able to do research with an amazing pollinating bat, the challenges have always been present, but the reward is invaluable, and I would not change it for anything. It is good to always remember that ecology and conservation are not only about publishing papers, but also about building teams with the local communities, policymakers, and researchers. I hope that my submission for the BioOne Ambassador Awards expresses not only my contributions of my research but also serves as an opportunity to do outreach about how and why we do research.

American Society of Mammalogists

About the Journal of Mammalogy

Dr. Burton K. Lim

Nominating Editor

Why is it important that research from your journal be communicated to a wider audience?

This paper is an excellent example of collaboration between a university and conservation organization to get a better understanding of reproductive activity in nectar-feeding bats that are important for pollination and provide vital ecosystem services.

How does the BioOne Ambassador Award support your publishing goals and advance Aquetzalli Nayelli Rivera Villanueva’s work?

The Journal of Mammalogy is the primary publication of the American Society of Mammalogists and we are continuously striving to support students in their research.  The BioOne Ambassador Award is a great way of recognizing excellence and encouraging early career researchers to continue in their studies. The author nicely communicates that PIT-tag is an appropriate method and is informative for studying the activity patterns of nectar-feeding bats roosting in caves.

How does highlighting early career voices strengthen both your field and public understanding of science?

Highlighting early career voices with the Ambassador Award demonstrates to students and recent graduates that there are incentives to publish their research in scientific journals but also to disseminate it more widely to a broader public audience.

ContactInformation

Aquetzalli Nayelli Rivera Villanueva

a.riveravillanueva@student.uq.edu.au

For information about the American Society of Mammalogists, please visit their website:

American Society of Mammalogists

For questions about BioOne or the BioOne Ambassador Award, please contact:

Amanda Rogers

BioOne Publishing
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